Conjunctivitis — commonly called pink eye — is inflammation of the thin membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids. It causes redness, watering, discharge, and gritty discomfort. Most cases in India are viral or allergic and resolve with home care within one to two weeks. Bacterial conjunctivitis may need antibiotic drops prescribed by a doctor.
Types and How to Tell Them Apart
- Viral — watery discharge, often starts in one eye then spreads; linked to colds; highly contagious
- Bacterial — thick yellow-green pus, eyelids stuck together on waking; contagious
- Allergic — both eyes itchy with watery discharge; linked to pollen, dust, or pets; not contagious
Home Care Steps
Warm or cool compresses
Soak a clean cotton cloth in warm water, wring out, and place over closed eyes for five to ten minutes, three to four times daily. Warm compresses loosen crusted discharge and soothe irritation. For allergic conjunctivitis, cool compresses reduce itching better.
Clean discharge gently
Wipe from the inner corner outward with a fresh cotton pad moistened with cooled boiled water. Use a new pad for each eye to prevent cross-infection. Do this morning and evening, and whenever discharge builds up.
Artificial tears
Preservative-free lubricating eye drops flush irritants and soothe dryness. Use four to six times daily. Avoid redness-relief drops (vasoconstrictors) — they worsen rebound redness and do not treat the underlying cause.
Strict hygiene to prevent spread
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis spread through hand contact and shared towels. Wash hands frequently with soap. Do not share pillows, towels, or eye makeup. Change pillowcases daily. Avoid touching or rubbing eyes — use tissues and discard immediately.
Remove contact lenses
Stop wearing contact lenses until fully recovered and discard the current pair and case if infection is confirmed. Resume only after an eye specialist clears you.
Allergic conjunctivitis specifics
Oral antihistamines and avoiding allergens help. Shower after outdoor exposure during high pollen seasons. Keep windows closed on dusty days. Do not rub — it releases more histamine and worsens itching.
Returning to Work and School
Viral conjunctivitis is most contagious in the first three to five days. Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually safe to return 24 hours after starting prescribed antibiotics. Children should stay home until discharge stops and they can avoid rubbing eyes. Adults working in food handling, healthcare, or childcare need clearance before returning. Wearing sunglasses outdoors reduces light sensitivity and reminds you not to touch your eyes.
When to See an Eye Doctor
- Moderate to severe eye pain or sensitivity to light
- Reduced vision or blurred vision that does not clear with blinking
- Thick pus not improving after 48 hours — may need antibiotic drops
- Symptoms lasting more than two weeks
- Conjunctivitis in a newborn — always urgent
- Recent eye injury or chemical exposure before redness started